Organ models in wound balistics: experimental study

BACKGROUND
Effects of various types and diameters of guns and related treatment principles are different. Our study was performed to experimentally demonstrate the effects of different gunshots in body tissues.
METHODS
9x19 mm hand-gun and 7.62x51 mm G-3 infantry rifle were used in the study. Injury models were created through hand-gun and rifle shootings at isolated soft tissue, lower extremity, liver and intestine tissue simulants made of ballistic candle. High-speed cameras were used to capture 1000 frames per second. Images were examined and wound mechanisms were evaluated.
RESULTS
It was observed that the colon content distributed more within the surrounding tissues by the rifle shootings comparing with hand-gun shootings and could be an infection source due to the large size of the cavity in the colon. Especially when the bullets hitting the bone were investigated, it was seen that much more tissue injury occurs with high speed bullets due to bullet deformation and fragmentation. However, no significant difference was found between the effect of hand-gun and rifle bullets passing through the extremity without hitting the bone.
CONCLUSION
To know the type of the gun that caused the injury and its characteristics will allow to estimate severity and size of the injury before the treatment and to focus on different alternatives of treatment. Therefore, use of appropriate models is required in experimental studies.

Yara balistiðinde organ modelleri: Deneysel çalýþma

Deðiþik tip ve çaptaki silahlarýn etkileri ile etkilerine baðlý tedavi prensipleri farklýlýk gösterir, çalýþma da deðiþik özellikteki silahlarýn vücut dokularý içindeki etkilerini deneysel olarak göstermek amacýyla planlandý.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
Çalýþma için 9x19 mm tabanca ve 7.62 x 51 mm G-3 piyade tüfeði olmak üzere iki tip silah seçildi. Balistik mum eþliðinde oluþturulan izole yumuþak doku, bacak, karaciðer ve baðýrsak modellerine tabanca ve tüfek ile ateþ edilerek yaralanma modelleri oluþturuldu. Saniyede 1000 görüntü alan yüksek hýzlý kameralarla çekimler yapýldý. Görüntüler incelenerek elde edilen yaralanmalar ve oluþum mekanizmalarý deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR
Kolon yaralanmalarýnda oluþan kavitenin büyük olmasý nedeniyle kolon içeriðinin tabancaya oranda daha fazla çevre dokular arasýna yayýldýðý ve enfeksiyon kaynaðý olabileceði gözlendi. Özellikle kemiðe çarpan mermiler incelendiðinde, mermi deformasyon ve fragmantasyonu nedeniyle yüksek hýzlý mermilerde daha fazla doku hasarý oluþtuðu, kemiðe çarpmadan ekstremitelerden geçen mermilerdeyse tabanca ve tüfek mermisi arasýnda belirgin bir fark oluþmadýðý gözlendi.
SONUÇ
Ateþli silah yaralanmalarýnda yaralanmaya neden olan silah ve silahýn özelliklerinin bilinmesi tedavi öncesi yaralanmanýn þiddet ve boyutlarýnýn tahmin edilmesini ve farklý tedavi seçeneklerinin uygulanmasýný saðlayacaktýr. Bu nedenle deneysel çalýþmalarda uygun modellerin kullanýlmasý gerekir.