Does protocatechuic acid, a natural antioxidant, reduce renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats?

BACKGROUND: Protocatechuic acid (PCA), which has antioxidant property, is a simple phenolic compound commonly found in many plants, vegetables, and fruits, notably in green tea and almonds. Present study was an investigation of the effects of PCA on rat kidney with ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury.
METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Sham, (2) Renal IR, (3) Renal IR+Vehicle, and (4) Renal IR+PCA. Renal reperfusion injury was induced by clamping renal pedicle for 45 minutes after right nephrectomy was performed, followed by reperfusion for 3 hours. Dose of 80 mg/kg PCA was intraperitoneally administered to 1 group immediately before renal ischemia; 33% polyethylene glycol was used as vehicle. Total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 levels were measured in blood and kidney tissue samples taken from sacrificed rats. Kidney tissue samples were examined and scored histopathologically. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end labeling assay method was used to detect apoptotic cells.
RESULTS: It was found that PCA significantly reduced serum MDA, TNF-α, and kidney MDA levels, while it increased serum and kidney TAS and SOD levels. Histopathological scores were significantly higher for the group given PCA.
CONCLUSION: PCA reduced oxidative stress and can be used as an effective agent in treatment of renal IR injury.

Doðal bir antioksidan olan protokateþuik asit sýçanlarda renal iskemi reperfüzyon hasarýný azaltýyor mu?

AMAÇ: Protokateþuik asit (PCA) yeþil çay, fýndýk, badem baþta olmak üzere birçok bitki, sebze ve meyvede yaygýn olarak bulunan anti-oksidan özelliði olan basit bir fenol bileþiðidir. Bu çalýþmada PCA’nýn iskemi/reperfüzyon (IR) hasarý oluþturulan böbrekler üzerine olan etkilerini araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Sprague-Dawley cinsi sýçanlar rastgele dört gruba ayrýldý: (1) Sham, (2) Renal IR (3) Renal IR + Vehicle (4) Renal IR + PCA. Renal IR hasarý sað nefrektomi yapýldýktan sonra 45 dakika boyunca sol renal pedikül klemplenip sonrasýnda üç saat boyunca reperfüzyon yapýlarak indüklendi. Tedavi edici olarak kullanýlan PCA renal iskemiden hemen önce 80 mg/kg dozunda intraperitoneal olarak uygulandý. Protokateþuik asiti çözmek için araç olarak %33’lük polietilen glikol kullanýldý. Sýçanlar sakrifiye edildikten sonra alýnan kan örmeklerinde ve böbrek dokusunda total antioksidan kapasite (TAS), malondialdehit (MDA), süperoksitdismutaz (SOD), tümör nekroz faktör alfa (TNF-α), interlökin-6 (IL-6) seviyesi ölçüldü. Böbrek doku örneklerinde histopatolojik incelemeler yapýlarak histopatolojik skorlama elde edildi. Apoptotik hücreleri görüntülemek için terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) boyama yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Protokateþuik asitin serum MDA ve TNF-α ile böbrek MDA seviyelerini anlamlý olarak azalttýðý, serum ve böbrek TAS ile SOD seviyelerini ise anlamlý olarak artýrdýðý görüldü. Histopatolojik skorlamanýn PCA verilen grupta anlamlý olarak daha iyi idi.
TARTIÞMA: Oksidatif stresi ve renal iskemi reperfüzyon hasarýný azalttýðýný ortaya koyduðumuz PCA, IR hasarýna karþý etkili bir ajan olarak kullanýlabilir.